Dopamine medicine: uses, usage and dosage

dopamine-medicine-uses-usage-dosage

What is Dopamine?

Dopamine medicine is a drug form of a substance that occurs naturally in the body, which is an organic chemical made from tyrosine; It functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter and plays an important role in the brain and body.

Dopamine drug information

  • Drug Name: Dopamine;
  • Registration Number: VN-18479-14;
  • Active ingredient: Dopamine Hydrochloride 200mg/5ml;
  • Dosage form: Solution for intravenous infusion;
  • Packing: Box of 10 tubes of 5ml;
  • Expiry date: 24 months;

Drugs Dopamine has the form and content of the following:

  • Solution, intravenous drug:
  • 0,8 mg/ml (250 ml, 500 ml);
  • 1,6 mg/ml (250 ml, 500 ml);
  • 3,2 mg/ml (250 ml);
  • 40 mg/mL (5 ml, 10 ml);
  • 80 mg/mL (5 ml);
  • 160 mg/mL (5 ml).

Indications & contraindications for the use of Dopamine

Indication of drugs

Dopamine is used to treat a number of conditions that occur when you go into shock, which can be caused by a heart attack, injury, surgery, heart failure, kidney failure, and other serious medical conditions.

The drug may also be used for purposes not listed in the medication guide.

Contraindications to the drug

  • The drug is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug Dopamine.
  • Pheochromocytoma, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation. 
  • Avoid taking it together with the anesthetic halothan.

Dopamine Dosage

Dosage for adults

Usual Adult Dose for Nonobstructive Oliguria: Initial dose: 1-5 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion.

Shock dose : Initial dose: 1-5 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion.

Dosage for children

Usual pediatric dose for nonobstructive oliguria:

  • Less than 1 month: 1-20 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion, increasing dose to desired response.
  • 1 month or more: 1-20 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion, increasing dose to desired response. Maximum is 50 mcg/kg/min.

Dosage for Shock:

  • Less than 1 month: 1-20 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion, increasing dose to desired response.
  • 1 month or more: 1-20 mcg/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion, increasing dose to desired response. Maximum is 50 mcg/kg/min.

How to take medicine 

  • Intravenous infusion after dilution;
  • The product should be diluted before use.;
  • Dopamine can be diluted in 5% glucose solution or 0.9% NaCl solution. To obtain a solution for infusion: dilute 400 mg to 800 mg of dopamine in 250 ml of solvent (5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl). The resulting solution contains 1600 µg or 3200 µg/1 ml, respectively.
  • The prepared solution should be used immediately.

Dopamine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to dopamine: hives; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Tell your caregiver right away if you have:

  • feeling light-headed, like you might pass out (even while lying down);
  • Chest pain;
  • fast, slow, or pounding heartbeat;
  • Short of breath;
  • cold feeling, numbness, or a blue appearance in your hands or feet; or
  • Darkening or skin changes in your hands or feet.

Common side effects of the drug may include:

  • Headache;
  • Feel worried;
  • Nausea, vomiting; 
  • Chills, goosebumps.

This is not a complete list of side effects and other possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

Dopamine interactions 

Drug interactions can change how a drug works or increase the effect of side effects. Drugs that may interact with medications include:

  • Droperidol (Inapsine);
  • Epinephrine (EpiPen, Adrenaclick, Twinject);
  • Haloperidol (Haldol);
  • Midodrine (ProAmatine);
  • Phenytoin (Dilantin);
  • Vasopressin (Pitressin);
  • Diuretic;

antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip, Limbitrol), doxepin (Sinequan, Silenor), nortriptyline (Pamelor);

Thuốc chẹn beta như atenolol (Tenormin, Tenoretic), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), metoprolol (Dutoprol, LOPRESSOR, Toprol), nadolol (Corgard), propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran), sotalol (Betapace);

cough or cold medicines that contain antihistamines or decongestants;

Ergot như ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), dihydroergotamine (DHE 45, Migranal), ergonovine (Ergotrate), hoặc methylergonovine (Methergine);

Phenothiazin như chlorpromazine (THORAZINE), fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), prochlorperazine (Compazine, Compro), promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan, Anergan, Antinaus), thioridazine (Mellaril), hoặc trifluoperazine (Stelazine).

Use Dopamine with caution

Hypovolemia must be corrected prior to administration of the drug.

After dilution, the drug must be injected into a large vein or central venous system to limit the risk of extravasation. The drug should not be administered intravenously or rapidly intravenously. In case of extravasation, limit the necrotic area by subcutaneous injection with a fine needle of phenolamine solution (5-10 mg in 10-15 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution) to the site of extravasation.

Do not stop the infusion suddenly, but gradually to avoid a drop in blood pressure.

Patients with vascular diseases should be closely monitored for changes in skin color and temperature in the extremities.

In the case of ischemia due to vasoconstriction, consideration should be given to continuing the infusion as it may lead to necrotic lesions. This condition can be reversed by reducing the dose of dopamine or discontinuing the drug.

To avoid ischemia, 5-10mg of phenolamine can be used.

In the event of symptoms such as: increased diastolic pressure, marked decrease in heart rate (indicating vasoconstriction), the dose of dopamine should be reduced and the patient should be carefully monitored.

Closely monitor patients with liver and kidney failure.

Preparations containing sodiummetebisulphite may cause allergic reactions, especially in patients with a history of allergies.

What is the price of Dopamine?

The selling price of dopamine drugs will have certain fluctuations between pharmacies and distribution agents. Users can consult prices directly at reputable drugstores nationwide.

How to store medicine?

  • You should store the medicine at room temperature, in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
  • You should not store the medicine in the refrigerator.
  • Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.
  • Do not throw medicine down the toilet or plumbing.

What is the pharmacokinetics of dopamine?

The blood pressure-raising effect of dopamine can be seen as soon as 1-2 minutes after intravenous infusion. This effect persists with continued infusion and subsides within 10 minutes of discontinuation of the infusion. 

The drug is metabolised in the liver via cytochrome P450, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol – O – methyl transferase (COMT). The half-life is 1.25 minutes (approximately 2 minutes). The drug does not work when taken. In fact, the drug does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Excreted mainly by the kidneys. Very little drug is excreted unchanged. The alpha phase half-life is 1-2 minutes. The beta phase half-life is 6-9 minutes.

The above article is for reference only and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Readers should only follow the instructions of the doctor who is treating you, Index-China disclaims responsibility if problems occur.

Index-China

See also: https://index-china.com/dopamine-medicine/

Reputable source Nhà thuốc Online OVN: https://nhathuoconline.org/thuoc-dopamin/

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